Background technology and societal aspects While it may seem that VGI was created suddenly with the birth of OpenStreetMap in 2004, the crowdsourced and collaborative creation of spatial content is not new. However, before we continue the discussion on this subject, it is necessary to shed light onto the key factors that have helped to create this phenomenon. Since then a lot has changed and VGI now has a deep and broad agenda that ranges from implicitly contributed GI through social networks to rigorously-monitored citizen science projects.

By crowdsourcing we refer to the action of multiple participants (sometimes thousands or even millions) in the generation of geographical information, when these participants are external to the organization that manages the information and are not formally employed by it. Google Earth) or web-based platforms (e.g. At that point, rudimentary crowdsourced Geographic Information (GI) was created and disseminated freely with the help of innovative desktop applications (e.g. Defining VGI In a seminal paper published in 2007, Mike Goodchild coined the term Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in an effort to describe 'the widespread engagement of large numbers of private citizens, often with little in the way of formal qualifications, in the creation of geographic information' (Goodchild, 2007: 217). Our aim is to provide an accessible overview of the area, which has grown rapidly in the past decade, but first we need to define what we mean by VGI.

This chapter will introduce the concept of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) within practices of mapping and cartography.

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